Nigeria Weather in January

January is one of the best months to visit Nigeria, as it falls within the dry season, which spans from November to March. This time of the year is characterized by warm to hot temperatures, minimal rainfall, and the occasional influence of the Harmattan winds. With its vast size and varying topography, Nigeria experiences different weather conditions in different regions, ranging from tropical climates in the south to semi-arid conditions in the north.

Average Temperatures in January

Nigeria has a tropical climate, and January is one of the hotter months in most parts of the country. However, the temperatures vary significantly between the northern, central, and southern regions due to differences in altitude and proximity to the equator.

• Northern Nigeria (e.g., Kano, Abuja, Sokoto): The northern part of the country experiences very hot temperatures during January, with daytime highs often reaching between 30°C to 40°C (86°F to 104°F). At night, temperatures can drop significantly, but they remain warm, usually ranging from 15°C to 22°C (59°F to 72°F). The Harmattan winds, which originate from the Sahara Desert, can cause the temperatures to feel even hotter during the day and cooler during the night.
• Central Nigeria (e.g., Jos, Kaduna): The central region of Nigeria, which is situated at higher altitudes, enjoys milder temperatures in January compared to the north and south. Daytime temperatures typically range from 25°C to 30°C (77°F to 86°F), while nighttime lows can dip to 15°C to 20°C (59°F to 68°F), providing more comfortable conditions for travelers.
• Southern Nigeria (e.g., Lagos, Port Harcourt, Calabar): The southern regions, which are closer to the Atlantic Ocean, have more humid conditions. Daytime highs range from 28°C to 35°C (82°F to 95°F), and the humidity makes it feel warmer. Nighttime temperatures in the south are relatively mild, usually between 22°C to 25°C (72°F to 77°F).

Table: Average Temperatures and Precipitation in Nigeria (January) Over the Last 10 Years

From the table, it’s evident that January temperatures are consistently high, with average daytime highs generally ranging from 33°C to 37°C (91°F to 99°F), and nighttime temperatures usually remaining between 21°C to 24°C (70°F to 75°F). Precipitation is minimal, with most years seeing less than 15mm of rainfall, indicating the dry conditions typical of this month.

Precipitation Levels

January falls within Nigeria’s dry season, and as such, precipitation levels are very low across the country. This is a stark contrast to the rainy season, which typically spans from April to October.

• Northern Nigeria: The north is mostly dry during January, with very little to no rain. Precipitation levels in cities like Kano, Sokoto, and Abuja are typically below 5mm, and dust from the Harmattan winds often creates a dry, hazy atmosphere. The dry conditions make it a good time for travelers who prefer to explore this region without the interference of rain.
• Central Nigeria: In central areas like Jos and Kaduna, the weather is still dry, but occasional light rains may occur, leading to a slight increase in humidity. Precipitation is typically below 10mm in these regions.
• Southern Nigeria: The southern regions, including Lagos, Calabar, and Port Harcourt, experience slightly higher humidity, but rainfall remains low during January. Precipitation in these regions is usually under 15mm, making it relatively dry compared to other months.

Wind Patterns

One of the most notable features of January’s weather in Nigeria is the influence of the Harmattan winds, which blow across the country from the Sahara Desert. These winds are dry and dusty, and they are particularly prominent in the northern and central regions.

• Northern Nigeria: The Harmattan winds cause a noticeable drop in humidity, leading to very dry conditions. These winds can also create hazy skies, reducing visibility and causing discomfort for those who are not used to the dry conditions.
• Central Nigeria: In central regions, the Harmattan winds are less intense than in the north but still affect the weather. Travelers should expect cooler nights and mornings due to these winds, though the region remains relatively calm compared to the harsher conditions in the north.
• Southern Nigeria: The southern part of the country is less affected by the Harmattan winds, but there may still be some light breezes from the northeast. These winds help maintain relatively comfortable conditions for travel, although the humidity levels can make the air feel warmer.

Atmospheric Pressure

The atmospheric pressure in Nigeria in January tends to be relatively stable, as the country experiences the dry, cool air associated with the Harmattan winds. Average pressure levels across the country are around 1010 hPa, but slight variations may occur depending on local weather systems. The stable atmospheric pressure during this time contributes to the clear skies and dry weather that are characteristic of January.

Things to Consider for a Traveler in January

Traveling to Nigeria in January can be enjoyable due to the dry and warm weather, but there are a few considerations to keep in mind:

1. Heat and Hydration

• Stay Hydrated: With temperatures often reaching over 30°C (86°F), it’s important to stay hydrated. Make sure to drink plenty of water throughout the day, especially if you’re spending time outdoors. Dehydration can be a concern, especially in the hot and dry regions of the north.
• Sun Protection: The sun can be intense, particularly in the northern and central regions. Wear sunscreen, sunglasses, and protective clothing to shield yourself from harmful UV rays.

2. Dust and Air Quality

• The Harmattan winds can cause dust and particulate matter to accumulate in the air, leading to poor air quality, especially in northern and central Nigeria. People with respiratory issues should take precautions, such as wearing a mask or avoiding extended outdoor exposure.

3. Cool Nights in the North

• While the daytime temperatures in the north can be extremely hot, the nights can get quite cool, particularly in cities like Abuja. It’s advisable to pack layers, such as a light jacket or sweater, for the evenings.

4. Limited Rainfall

• Because January is part of the dry season, there is little chance of rain, which is ideal for those wishing to explore the country without disruptions. However, this means that the landscape can appear dry, especially in the northern and central regions.

5. Public Holidays and Festivals

• January is an important month for cultural and religious celebrations in Nigeria. The New Year’s Day on January 1st is a public holiday, and some businesses may be closed. Additionally, the Eid al-Fitr celebrations may sometimes fall in January, depending on the Islamic lunar calendar, so travelers should be aware of potential festivities.

Things to Do in Nigeria in January

January offers a great opportunity to explore Nigeria’s diverse landscapes, rich culture, and vibrant cities. Here are some things to do during this month:

1. Visit the Niger Delta

• The Niger Delta, located in the southern part of Nigeria, offers opportunities for eco-tourism and exploration of its lush waterways, swamps, and villages. January’s dry conditions make it easier to navigate this region by boat and explore its wildlife.

2. Explore Lagos and the Southwest

• Lagos, Nigeria’s bustling commercial hub, is a vibrant city with a rich cultural scene, beautiful beaches, and exciting nightlife. January offers excellent weather for exploring the city and its surroundings, including cultural festivals, museums, and outdoor markets.

3. Go on a Safari in Yankari National Park

• Located in northeastern Nigeria, Yankari National Park is one of the country’s most popular wildlife reserves. January’s dry weather is ideal for wildlife spotting, as animals tend to gather around water sources, making it easier to observe them.

4. Climb the Jos Plateau

• For those who enjoy hiking and mountain climbing, the Jos Plateau in central Nigeria offers pleasant temperatures and stunning scenery in January. The cooler nights and clear skies provide an ideal setting for outdoor activities.

5. Experience Nigerian Culture and Festivals

• January is a great time to immerse yourself in Nigeria’s vibrant cultural scene. Visit historical sites, participate in local festivals, or try traditional Nigerian foods like jollof rice, pounded yam, and suya. If you’re in Lagos or Abuja, you’ll find numerous music and art festivals celebrating the country’s dynamic culture.