Top 10 Biggest Cities in Nigeria by Population

Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, is home to a diverse range of cultures, ethnic groups, and languages. Its cities reflect this richness, with populations that continue to grow rapidly due to both urbanization and natural population growth. As of the latest available data, here is an overview of the largest cities in Nigeria by population, which are spread across different regions of the country. These cities are not only population centers but also economic, cultural, and political hubs.

Lagos

Overview

Lagos is the largest city in Nigeria and one of the largest cities in Africa, with a population of over 20 million people. It serves as the commercial capital of Nigeria and is located on the southwestern coast of the country, along the Atlantic Ocean. Its population has been rapidly growing due to both rural-urban migration and high birth rates.

Key Features

• Economic Significance: Lagos is Nigeria’s financial and economic powerhouse, hosting the country’s major ports, as well as several multinational corporations.
• Cultural Hub: It is home to a vibrant cultural scene, with a strong influence in the arts, fashion, entertainment, and music (especially the Afrobeat genre).
• Infrastructure and Development: Despite rapid urbanization, Lagos has made significant strides in infrastructural development, with projects like the Lekki Free Trade Zone, the Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, and the ongoing expansion of the Lagos Metro System.

Population Growth Factors

• Rural-Urban Migration: Many people from other parts of Nigeria, particularly from the northern and eastern regions, migrate to Lagos in search of better economic opportunities.
• Natural Growth: Lagos has one of the highest birth rates in the country, contributing significantly to its population growth.

Kano

Overview

Kano is located in the northern part of Nigeria and is the largest city in the northern region. With a population of approximately 5 million people, Kano is Nigeria’s second-largest city and an important cultural and economic center.

Key Features

• Historical Significance: Kano has a rich history as a trading center and one of the oldest cities in West Africa. It was historically part of the Hausa city-states and later the Sokoto Caliphate.
• Economic Importance: It is a major commercial hub for agriculture, with a focus on textiles, hides, and skins, as well as a growing industrial sector.
• Cultural Heritage: Kano is known for its traditional markets, such as the Kurmi Market, and its cultural landmarks, including the Kano Emir’s Palace and the ancient city walls.

Population Growth Factors

• Migration and Regional Population Growth: Kano attracts people from neighboring northern states due to its prominence as an economic and educational hub.
• Fertility Rates: Northern Nigeria, in general, has higher fertility rates, contributing to Kano’s steady population increase.

Abuja

Overview

Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria, is a relatively young city compared to others like Lagos and Kano. It was officially designated as the capital in 1991, replacing Lagos for political reasons. Today, Abuja’s population exceeds 3 million people and continues to grow steadily.

Key Features

• Political Capital: As the seat of government, Abuja is home to Nigeria’s government institutions, including the Presidential Villa, the National Assembly, and the Nigerian Supreme Court.
• Modern Infrastructure: Abuja boasts modern infrastructure, with wide roads, government buildings, and luxury residential areas. The city is also known for the Aso Rock, a prominent landmark.
• Cultural Diversity: Abuja is home to people from all parts of Nigeria, making it one of the most diverse cities in the country.

Population Growth Factors

• Government Relocation: The decision to move the capital from Lagos to Abuja contributed to rapid population growth, as it became the political and administrative center of the country.
• Urbanization: As Nigeria’s middle class grows and more Nigerians seek to live in the capital, Abuja continues to attract both domestic and international residents.

Port Harcourt

Overview

Port Harcourt, located in the Niger Delta region, is the capital of Rivers State and one of the key oil hubs of Nigeria. With a population approaching 3 million, it is one of the largest cities in southern Nigeria.

Key Features

• Oil and Gas Industry: Port Harcourt is known as the “Oil City” of Nigeria due to its central role in the country’s oil industry. The city is home to numerous oil companies, including multinational corporations.
• Industrial Base: In addition to oil, Port Harcourt is an industrial hub with manufacturing, shipping, and processing industries contributing to its economy.
• Cultural Significance: Port Harcourt is also home to various ethnic groups, including the Ijaw, Ibibio, and Ogoni peoples, and has a thriving arts and music scene.

Population Growth Factors

• Oil-Driven Migration: Many people migrate to Port Harcourt seeking employment in the oil industry, contributing to the city’s rapid population growth.
• Urbanization: The urbanization of the Niger Delta region has led to a significant increase in Port Harcourt’s population.

Ibadan

Overview

Ibadan, located in southwestern Nigeria, is the capital of Oyo State. Historically, it was one of the largest cities in Nigeria and remains one of the most populous cities, with a population of around 3 million.

Key Features

• Historical Significance: Ibadan was once the largest city in West Africa and played a key role in Nigeria’s colonial history. It was a center for administration, trade, and education.
• Educational Hub: Ibadan is home to the University of Ibadan, Nigeria’s oldest university, and several other higher learning institutions.
• Commercial Center: The city is a key commercial center in the southwestern region of Nigeria, with industries ranging from food processing to construction materials.

Population Growth Factors

• Educational Institutions: Ibadan’s status as an educational hub has attracted people from across Nigeria.
• Economic Opportunities: As a significant trading city, Ibadan has continued to attract residents seeking economic opportunities in commerce, trade, and education.

Benin City

Overview

Benin City is located in southern Nigeria and is the capital of Edo State. It has a population of around 2 million people and is one of the most culturally significant cities in the country.

Key Features

• Cultural Heritage: Benin City is famous for its historical significance as the center of the Benin Kingdom, known for its advanced art, culture, and governance.
• Economic Base: The city has a diverse economy that includes agriculture, trading, and a growing industrial sector focused on cement production and oil-related industries.
• Tourism: Benin is a hub for cultural tourism, with sites such as the Benin National Museum and the Royal Palace attracting tourists from around the world.

Population Growth Factors

• Cultural and Educational Significance: As a city of historical and cultural importance, Benin continues to attract people, especially for its educational institutions like the University of Benin.
• Urbanization and Economic Opportunities: The city has experienced urban growth driven by commerce and industrial development.

Kaduna

Overview

Kaduna is a major city in northern Nigeria and serves as the capital of Kaduna State. With a population of approximately 1.5 million, Kaduna is one of the largest cities in the northern region.

Key Features

• Historical Significance: Kaduna has long been a center for administration, education, and trade. It was an important colonial center and has retained its political relevance.
• Education and Industry: Kaduna hosts several key educational institutions, including Ahmadu Bello University, and has a diversified industrial base, including textiles and automotive manufacturing.
• Strategic Location: Positioned along major trade routes, Kaduna is a transportation hub linking the northern part of Nigeria with other regions.

Population Growth Factors

• Educational and Industrial Growth: Kaduna’s educational institutions and industrial growth attract people from across northern Nigeria.
• Government and Trade: As a political and economic center, Kaduna’s population continues to grow due to the opportunities it provides.

Jos

Overview

Jos is located in the middle-belt region of Nigeria and serves as the capital of Plateau State. Its population is around 1 million, and the city is known for its cooler climate, which has made it a popular location for relocation.

Key Features

• Geographic and Climatic Advantage: Jos’s location at an elevated altitude provides it with a more temperate climate compared to other Nigerian cities, which has made it a hub for agriculture, especially in the production of vegetables.
• Mining History: Jos is historically significant for its tin mining industry, which played a vital role in Nigeria’s early industrialization.
• Cultural Diversity: The city is home to numerous ethnic groups, including the Berom, Ngas, and Afizere, contributing to its cultural diversity.

Population Growth Factors

• Agricultural Opportunities: Jos continues to attract people due to its opportunities in farming, particularly in vegetable cultivation and livestock farming.
• Urbanization: The development of infrastructure, such as roads and educational institutions, has also contributed to the city’s growing population.

Aba

Overview

Aba, located in southeastern Nigeria, is a major commercial city in Abia State. It has a population of over 1 million people and is renowned for its thriving small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Key Features

• Commercial Hub: Aba is best known for its bustling markets, particularly the Ariaria International Market, which is one of the largest in West Africa.
• Industries: The city is a manufacturing center, producing a wide range of products, including textiles, footwear, and household goods.
• Cultural Significance: Aba also has a rich cultural heritage and is known for its vibrant traditions and festivals.

Population Growth Factors

• Commercial and Industrial Growth: Aba’s thriving commercial and industrial sectors continue to attract people seeking economic opportunities.
• Urbanization: As the city continues to develop infrastructure, its population is growing rapidly, making it one of the fastest-growing cities in Nigeria.